Education holds the key to helping B40 families change their livelihood for the better, and allowing them to leave the cycle of poverty 

by BALKISH AWANG / pic MUHD AMIN NAHARUL

POVERTY has become an unsurpassable barrier for many students from low-income households to turn their dreams of pursuing higher education, a reality. 

Sadly, some of these students from poor families are high-achievers, but due to their backgrounds, they opted to forgo their higher education, preferring to join the job market. 

Dr Syed Mohamad Syed Abdullah, a senior lecturer (guidance & counselling) at Universiti Sains Malaysia, cited two real cases of Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) school-leavers from poor families who had to seek jobs to support their families. 

Both students are high-achievers, the first from a bottom 40% income group (B40) family, rejected a scholarship offer to study at an institution of higher learning (IPT) due to financial constraints to cover other related costs, while another student from Penang decided to join the job market to fend for the family. 

Syed Mohamad, who has served the education sector for over 25 years said, this situation is a cause for concern as the nation is still grappling with the issue albeit over six decades of achieving independence, noting that the problem must be immediately resolved to break the cycle of inherited poverty. 

“In fact, the nation stands to lose highly competent human capital in various fields (if the problem is not addressed),” he told Bernama in an interview recently. 

The nation is currently experiencing a deficit in high-quality workforce for the future, especially among support and professional groups (pic: TMR)

Widening Gap 

The Department of Statistics Malay- sia (DoSM) has earlier revealed, 72.1% or 390,000 out of 560,000 SPM leavers preferred to join the workforce after receiving their examination results, according to a study conducted in 2019. 

The study revealed that only 170,000 of the SPM graduates expressed interest in pursuing further studies. 

Given the scenario, Syed Mohamad said the trend of students dropping out and failing to further their higher studies due to financial factors would undoubtedly rise, and is expected to worsen albeit rising inflation across the globe, as well as the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. 

“Besides that, data from the department shows that the number of jobs in the semi-skilled category accounts for one-third of the working population, with a 0.1% drop in tertiary education to 37.4% in the fourth quarter of 2022 compared to the same quarter in 2021. 

“Looking at the situation, how long should the nation be trapped in the poverty cycle if the education issue is not immediately resolved,” he said. 

According to Syed Mohamad, the widening gap in the education level among the people, exacerbated by rising dropouts, served as obstacles to government efforts at ensuring all Malaysians are given equal opportunities to raise their living standards. 

“For example, we want children from poor families to join in the race to make their lives better and to break the poverty cycle. But the (existing) system does not make it possible for poor children to compete on an equal footing with other children. We know that most children from B40 families can’t afford to attend tuitions as enjoyed by other groups, including access to the latest education facilities. 

“This situation has made them feel marginalised given that the curriculum content is beyond their reach, and hence, limiting their access to education. This has also made it difficult for them to compete in a healthy manner with other students,” he said, noting that the gap in education opportunities will widen if left unchecked. 

The widening gap between the rich and poor can impact the latter as they may lack confidence in their abilities to move forward due to financial constraints, he added. 

Inherited Poverty 

Syed Mohamad also said what is of utmost concern is when B40 families are not able to uplift their living conditions due to their low education background, hence, making it more difficult for them to break the chain of poverty. 

This is because education holds the key to helping B40 families change their livelihood for the better, and allowing them to break free from the crutches of poverty. 

He said after losing out on the academic opportunities, those in the B40 group may not be able to elevate their status as wages or salaries are based on their academic qualifications. 

Data from DoSM’s Household Income Estimates and Incidence of Poverty Report, Malaysia 2020 shows that in 2020, 639,800 households were categorised as absolute poverty 

compared to 405,400 households in 2019. 

“We don’t want to close the door of opportunity for them to gain knowledge and shape their future just because of their financial limitations or their disadvantaged background. As we all know, poverty can be eradicated through knowledge and skills. 

“The Holland Career theory maintains that every individual has the potential to achieve excellence in their career if given the opportunity to unleash their potential and talents,” he said, adding that poor students dropping out of higher education will also cause the unemployment issue to remain unresolved. 

As such, he said the proposal by the government to provide free funding for students from poor families to pursue their studies should be immediately implemented to prevent the social inequality gap between the rich and poor from widening further. 

What’s even worrying is such imbalance in education levels, he said, could create a generation of those who believe that education will not guarantee them of improved livelihoods, despite achieving excellent academic results. 

Higher education is not only important for career advancement but also for personal development and growth (pic: Bernama)

Importing Experts and Skilled Workforce

“Our main objective in this respect is how to identify B40 high-achievers and help them see education as a platform to break the cycle of poverty and its traps,” he said. 

The Higher Education Ministry has said earlier it intends to introduce a free studies sponsorship programme for first-generation students from poor families to help them pursue their education at institutions of higher learning. 

Minister Khaled Nordin was quoted to have said, the proposal would be tabled at a Cabinet meeting for approval. 

Commenting on this, Syed Mohamad said the proposal, when implemented, will contribute positively to human resource development in terms of generating knowledgeable and highly skilled human capital. 

“The dropout situation should be avoided to tap into their potential and talents. When an individual’s talent and potential are not utilised or channelled to the right direction, the nation will suffer a double whammy and is left with inefficient human resource,” he said. 

This situation will see the nation lacking in professional and skilled human resource, with an over-supply of workers with secondary school education. 

Earlier news reports have stated that Malaysia may face a shortage of professionals in the next 10 years if only a small number of students choose to pursue higher education in the near future. This is worrying especially when many SPM school-leavers have indicated that they are not keen to pursue higher studies. 

“The nation is currently experiencing a deficit in the high-quality workforce for the future, especially among support and professional groups due to the shortage of personnel with tertiary education. As such, it is not surprising that we may one day be forced to bring in more skilled and professional workforce. 

“This happens when the nation is unable to produce a generation of skilled workforce as well as professionals such as doctors, nurses and specialists,” he said. 

Loss of National Assets 

Meanwhile, National Skilled Workers Organisation (PKPB) secretary general Mohammad Rizan Hassan said the nation stands to lose its key assets if the proposal to provide free studies sponsorship for poor students is not implemented. 

The nation risks losing young talents who hold the key to the country’s future leadership, as well as the human capital who will be able to contribute towards Malaysia’s economic growth. 

“As a government that is promoting national unity through the Malaysia Madani concept, this group should be given assistance as it is a major asset for the country. Hence, they must be placed at the right positions to enable them to contribute towards the nation’s socio-economic prosperity,” he said. 

As such, said the youth activist, if education (academic or skilled) access is not provided for this group, the situation would mean the end of the journey for the high-achievers from B40 families. 

“This is crucial especially for poor students and those from B40, as well as those from B40. And it is worth noting that the younger generation has two assets that need to be honed, namely external and internal assets. Internal assets refer to spiritual, coherent sense of identity, motivation, etc. 

“External assets cover developing talents and potential. Both aspects, if not provided as a platform to drive their motivation for further knowledge, can create a difficult path for them, and as a result, they may become a liability for the nation,” he said. — Bernama 

• This article first appeared in The Malaysian Reserve weekly print edition